Racial Migrations: New York City and the Revolutionary Politics of the Spanish Caribbean

Jesse Hoffnung-Garskof, interviewed by Tyesha Maddox

In the late nineteenth century, a small group of Cubans and Puerto Ricans of African descent settled in the segregated tenements of New York City. Jesse Hoffnung-Garskof’s book presents a vivid portrait of these largely forgotten revolutionaries and reveals the complexities of race-making within migrant communities and the power of small groups of immigrants to transform their home societies.

Interviews, Manhattan, Podcasts, Race & Ethnicity, ImmigrationGuest UserFebruary 11, 2020Comment

The Rise and Fall of The Young Lords

Johanna Fernandez, interviewed by Beth Harpaz

One of the most influential groups of the radical ’60s was the Young Lords, an organization of poor and working class Puerto Ricans that began as a street gang and rose to confront the racism of institutions from government to religion. Johanna Fernandez, a professor of history at Baruch College, traces their roots and tells the story of their rise and fall in The Young Lords: A Radical History.

Crime & Policing, Interviews, Podcasts, Poverty & Inequality, Race & EthnicityGuest UserFebruary 6, 2020Comment

Hiding in Plain Sight: Black Youth on Stage in 19th century New York City

Hiding in Plain Sight: Black Youth on Stage in 19th Century New York

By Anna Mae Duane

Judging by their absence from most histories of the early republican and antebellum eras, one might think that children, especially children of color, were largely hidden away from the public worlds of print and politics. This alleged historical invisibility would have come as a surprise for the young people attending the New York African Free Schools in the 1820s. Far from feeling hidden away from the public’s view, they spent much of their childhood on one form of stage or another. In the years which marked the growing popularity of minstrel performances appropriating Black culture in the service of white supremacy, students at the NYAFS were learning how to deploy performances that blurred the very racial categories they were being taught to inhabit.

Education, Race & EthnicityGuest UserJanuary 28, 2020Comment

Managing Urban Disorder in the 1960s: The New York City Model

By Jarrod Shanahan and Zhandarka Kurti

Surveying hundreds of urban riots throughout the 1960s, the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, commonly known as the Kerner Commission, used strident language to capture how “white racism” underlay the grievances of rioters and called for a commitment to the War on Poverty as a remedy to urban unrest. Yet far less scholarly attention is paid to the commission’s emphasis on counterinsurgency mechanisms—locally-specific, quasi-military strategies for pacifying unrest by politicking and/or force—geared toward managing disorder amid a deepening state of political and economic crisis. An early example of crisis planning in New York City immediately following the recommendations of the Kerner Commission Report demonstrates that at the local level, counterinsurgency relied heavily on the partnership with agents of what is today called the non-profit industrial complex (NPIC), a nexus of private philanthropic organizations constituting a mediating “buffer” between capital and the working class, while channeling social movement energy away from radical change and into piecemeal, pro-market reform.

Postwar New York, Race & EthnicityGuest UserJanuary 7, 2020Comment

Remembering the Activism Campaign that Made Samuel Battle the First Black NYPD Officer

By Matthew Guariglia

Dedicated in 2009, Samuel Battle Plaza, at the sprawling intersection at 135th Street and Lenox Avenue, commemorates Samuel Jesse Battle who, in 1911, became the first African American appointed to the NYPD. Presided over by embattled NYPD Commissioner Ray Kelly, the dedication came near the height of the protest movement against the department’s disproportionate stopping and frisking of young men of color in the city. At a moment of mass community resistance to Kelly’s NYPD, renaming served a political purpose. Creating a visible landmark to Samuel Battle at that pivotal moment preserved a narrative of symbiosis between the people of Harlem and the NYPD.

Race & Ethnicity, Crime & PolicingGuest UserDecember 17, 2019Comment

Stokely Carmichael: The Boy Before Black Power

By Ethan Scott Barnett

In the 1960 edition of The Observatory, The Bronx High School of Science’s yearbook, the recently appointed principal Alexander Taffel pronounced to the graduating class a quote from Thomas Paine: “These are the times that try men’s souls.” Paine had recognized the approaching revolution in 1776; the class of 1960 anticipated a similar upheaval. Amongst a sea of young faces in the sports section are two boys - one Black and one white - energetically shaking hands and displaying cheeky smiles. The boys are surrounded by their male teammates and the female management crew. Sports editors Judy Shapiro and Joel Engelstein captioned the image, “Stokely Carmichael and Gene Dennis showed their masterly leadership in preventing the abasement of the opposing teams.” Upon a first and even a second glance this image simply depicts the camaraderie that comes along with teenage boys and secondary school soccer games. However, the image pinpoints a pivotal moment in Stokely Carmichael’s political trajectory. The experiences that led up to this moment concretized Carmichael’s dedication to leftist organizing and a lifelong career in the Black Freedom Struggle.

Bronx, Education, Race & Ethnicity, Postwar New YorkGuest UserDecember 5, 2019Comment

Representing the Whole: An Interview with Dennis RedMoon Darkeem

Representing the Whole: An Interview with Dennis Redmoon Darkeem

Interviewed by Pilar Jefferson

One of the most thought provoking pieces to share and discuss with visitors since Urban Indian: Native New York Now opened at the Museum of the City of New York in late September has been “Flag” by Dennis Redmoon Darkeem. Hanging in the center of the north wall of the gallery, it sits a little apart from the posters and flyers around it, and the bold colors and patterns of the large rectangular work draw viewers in. The quilted fabric pieces that form the work create visually engaging aesthetic contrasts, and those same colors and patterns draw questions of deeper meaning from the viewer. Are the blue stars on a white background an inversion of the American flag? What is the source of the strip of checked green yellow orange and black fabric that cuts across the piece, bisecting it?

Interviews, Race & EthnicityGuest UserNovember 26, 2019Comment

The Red Line Archive: An Interview with Walis Johnson

Interviewed by Prithi Kanakamedala

Today on the blog, editor Prithi Kanakamedala sits down with artist Walis Johnson to discuss her current work, The Red Line Archive Project, which activates conversations about the personal and political effects of redlining using her own family’s story growing up in Brooklyn.

“HORRID BARBARITY:” A Trial Against Slaveholders in New York City

By Kelly A. Ryan

In February 1809, three seamstresses made their way to the special justices of New York City to register a complaint against their employers for abusing the slaves living in their household. They charged Amos and Demiss Broad, a married couple who ran an upholstery and millinery business in the second ward of New York City, with a litany of abuses, including throwing a knife at a three-year-old child. An unlikely trial occurred at the Court of General Sessions by the end of the month, in which the Broads stood trial for assaulting Betty and her three-year-old daughter Sarah. Ultimately, nine witnesses came forward against the Broads, and two of the witnesses who originally agreed to provide evidence for the Broads ended up supporting the prosecution. Though the employees and neighbors of the Broads would be critical to pushing this case forward, Betty’s efforts to get help forced New York City to reckon with the cruelty of slaveholding. The case against the Broads would be a stunning victory for African Americans and the New York Society for the Manumission of Slaves (NYMS), as well as an important moment in generating discussions about the rights of slaves to live unmolested.

Antebellum & Civil War, Manhattan, Politics, Race & EthnicityGuest UserAugust 8, 2019Comment

Distant Islands: The Japanese American Community in New York City

Reviewed by Olga Souudi

Daniel H. Inouye’s Distant Islands is a richly detailed, extensive account of the lives of Japanese living in New York City between 1876 and the 1930s. Little scholarly work on the lives of Japanese in New York, and on the East Coast in general, exists, either historical or contemporary, and Inouye’s book is a valuable contribution to this underexplored field.